[Y676.Ebook] Ebook Design with Nature, by Ian L. McHarg

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"In presenting us with a vision of organic exuberance and human delight, which ecology and ecological design promise to open up for us, McHarg revives the hope for a better world." --Lewis Mumford

". . . important to America and all the rest of the world in our struggle to design rational, wholesome, and productive landscapes." --Laurie Olin, Hanna Olin, Ltd.

"This century's most influential landscape architecture book." --Landscape Architecture

". . . an enduring contribution to the technical literature of landscape planning and to that unfortunately small collection of writings which speak with emotional eloquence of the importance of ecological principles in regional planning." --Landscape and Urban Planning

In the twenty-five years since it first took the academic world by storm, Design With Nature has done much to redefine the fields of landscape architecture, urban and regional planning, and ecological design. It has also left a permanent mark on the ongoing discussion of mankind's place in nature and nature's place in mankind within the physical sciences and humanities. Described by one enthusiastic reviewer as a "user's manual for our world," Design With Nature offers a practical blueprint for a new, healthier relationship between the built environment and nature. In so doing, it provides nothing less than the scientific, technical, and philosophical foundations for a mature civilization that will, as Lewis Mumford ecstatically put it in his Introduction to the 1969 edition, "replace the polluted, bulldozed, machine-dominated, dehumanized, explosion-threatened world that is even now disintegrating and disappearing before our eyes."

• Sales Rank: #212121 in Books
• Published on: 1995-02-20
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 11.10" h x .52" w x 11.05" l, 1.95 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 208 pages

From Library Journal
LJ's reviewer boldly contended that this "may well be one of the most important books of the century." Blending philosophy and science, McHarg shows how humans can copy nature's examples to design and build better structures. This 25th anniversary edition includes a new introduction and epilog. This remains "a pleasure to read" (LJ 10/1/69).
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From the Back Cover
"In presenting us with a vision of organic exuberance and human delight, which ecology and ecological design promise to open up for us, McHarg revives the hope for a better world." —Lewis Mumford

". . . important to America and all the rest of the world in our struggle to design rational, wholesome, and productive landscapes." —Laurie Olin, Hanna Olin, Ltd.

"This century's most influential landscape architecture book." —Landscape Architecture

". . . an enduring contribution to the technical literature of landscape planning and to that unfortunately small collection of writings which speak with emotional eloquence of the importance of ecological principles in regional planning." —Landscape and Urban Planning

In the twenty-five years since it first took the academic world by storm, Design With Nature has done much to redefine the fields of landscape architecture, urban and regional planning, and ecological design. It has also left a permanent mark on the ongoing discussion of mankind's place in nature and nature's place in mankind within the physical sciences and humanities. Described by one enthusiastic reviewer as a "user's manual for our world," Design With Nature offers a practical blueprint for a new, healthier relationship between the built environment and nature. In so doing, it provides nothing less than the scientific, technical, and philosophical foundations for a mature civilization that will, as Lewis Mumford ecstatically put it in his Introduction to the 1969 edition, "replace the polluted, bulldozed, machine-dominated, dehumanized, explosion-threatened world that is even now disintegrating and disappearing before our eyes."

About the Author
IAN L. McHARG was the founder of and is professor emeritus in the Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania. Known as the father of ecological planning, his landmark design projects include The Woodlands, Texas, and Amelia Island, Florida. Professor McHarg has received numerous honorary degrees and awards, including The National Medal of Art, presented by President Bush in 1990.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
ok. Pictures.
By Billy D
ahhhh, ok book.

7 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Significant Book for Architects - Though a Little Slow
By Aaron Dahl
While it's not the kind of book you want to lounge around the fireplace reading, it is a book that is frequently referred to by architects. It is significant in designing and ecologially friendly building in today's built-up environment. Summary: Not a great book, but a useful resource for architects.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Before GIS There Was McHarg
By Robert Steelquist
Ian McHarg's Design with Nature revolutionized landscape planning just at the time when the modern built environment was being recognized for its devastating effects on natural systems. McHarg devised techniques for planners to envision not just the finished product of human development, but its complex interaction with watersheds, wildlife habitat, viewscapes and anything else that could be represented as a layer on a map. Fast forward to today....Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are complex databases that organize information into the "layers" that McHarg proposed. GIS analysis has found its way into urban planning, oil spill response, wildfire management, epidemiology, endangered species management, socio-economic analysis and many other forms of spatial planning and design. Maps that are products of GIS analysis are digital versions of the tissue and mylar overlays of McHarg's vision and technique. This book is essential reading -- not because planners aren't using its ideas (almost universally, with GIS, they are) but because they don't understand GIS's debt to McHarg's pioneering thinking.

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To what extent does peoplehood make sense today? Can plural societies tell "national stories" without marginalizing their minorities? Should historians be concerned with stories of peoplehood? These are the questions dealt with in this book. It describes, analyzes, and theorizes the nature and history of "stories of peoplehood" and their implications for national identities, public culture, and academic historiography in societies characterized by cultural and social diversity. The book offers theoretical reflections on the narrative character of national identities and empirical studies of the contexts in which they emerged.

• Sales Rank: #6476187 in Books
• Published on: 2011-10-24
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 6.00" w x 1.00" l, 1.46 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 345 pages

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Studies of Sino-Viet relations have traditionally focused on Chinese aggression and Vietnamese resistance, or have assumed out-of-date ideas about Sinicization and the tributary system. They have limited themselves to national historical traditions, doing little to reach beyond the border. Ming China and Vietnam, by contrast, relies on sources and viewpoints from both sides of the border, for a truly transnational history of Sino-Viet relations. Kathlene Baldanza offers a detailed examination of geopolitical and cultural relations between Ming China (1368-1644) and Dai Viet, the state that would go on to become Vietnam. She highlights the internal debates and external alliances that characterized their diplomatic and military relations in the pre-modern period, showing especially that Vietnamese patronage of East Asian classical culture posed an ideological threat to Chinese states. Baldanza presents an analysis of seven linked biographies of Chinese and Vietnamese border-crossers whose lives illustrate the entangled histories of those countries.

• Sales Rank: #1466672 in Books
• Published on: 2016-03-29
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .55" w x 5.98" l, .0 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 237 pages

Review
"Kathlene Baldanza uses Vietnamese and Chinese materials from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries to fundamentally change our understanding of the Sino-Vietnamese relationship. She shows that Chinese administrators understood how Vietnamese leaders contributed to the management of border security, and that Vietnamese leaders used relations with China to maximise both border security and leverage against domestic rivals. This book will reorient all future scholarship on the topic."
Keith Weller Taylor, Cornell University, New York

About the Author
Kathlene Baldanza received a BA in East Asian Studies from Bryn Mawr College and a PhD in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from the University of Pennsylvania.

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• Sales Rank: #2689333 in Books
• Published on: 1995-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.00" h x 6.00" w x .50" l,
• Binding: Paperback
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From Pong to PlayStation 3 and beyond, Understanding Video Games is the first general introduction to the exciting new field of video game studies. This textbook traces the history of video games, introduces the major theories used to analyze games such as ludology and narratology, reviews the economics of the game industry, examines the aesthetics of game design, surveys the broad range of game genres, explores player culture, and addresses the major debates surrounding the medium, from educational benefits to the effects of violence.

Throughout the book, the authors ask readers to consider larger questions about the medium:

• what defines a video game?
• who plays games?
• why do we play games?
• how do games affect the player?

Extensively illustrated, Understanding Video Games is an indispensable and comprehensive resource for those interested in the ways video games are reshaping entertainment and society. A Companion Website (www.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415977210) features student resources including discussion questions for each chapter, a glossary of key terms, a video game timeline, and links to other video game studies resources for further study.

• Sales Rank: #1380156 in Books
• Published on: 2008-02-17
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 10.00" h x 7.00" w x 1.00" l, 1.41 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 304 pages

Review

"Understanding Video Games is required reading for all students of game studies and game design. The text engagingly and comprehensively tackles the exploding field of video game studies, providing the reader with a thorough understanding of the debates, key ideas and history of this fascinating medium."

-Mia Consalvo, author of Cheating: Gaining Advantage in Videogames

�

About the Author
Simon Egenfeldt-Nielsen, Jonas Heide Smith, and Susana Pajares Tosca are members of the Center for Computer Games Research at IT University of Copenhagen.

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9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent overview of video game history, critiques, and culture
By Rachel M. Helps
This is by far the best (and maybe the only?) textbook on video games I have encountered. The chapter on history gave a good overview and didn't bore me; the philosophical and literature reviews were thorough without excess meanderings. The chapter on "serious games" and edutainment was one of the most coherent critiques of the educational games that came out of the behaviorist era that I have ever read (though in my opinion the application of theory in games like math blaster is somewhat misguided; the "rewards" for correct answers are too trivial).

Additionally, the authors themselves had opinions on other literature and game theory. One example that stood out to me was how they critiqued James Gee's book as lacking in an awareness of previous research, which I found accurate. The authors read and summarized books that I had dismissed as tangential and hence, saved me the trouble of reading them (i.e., Hamlet on the Holodeck).Through reading the narrative chapter I realized that the approach I took in my thesis toward analyzing "interactive fiction" was somewhat dated.

Sadly, the edition I read is marred by what appears to be a rush to the printers. Parentheses are left unresolved and words misspelled; a few paragraphs seem untouched by an editor. It is my hope that another addition will rectify these errors and also update the analysis to include more recent trends.

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[Q628.Ebook] Free PDF Elementary Probability for Applications 1st (first) Edition

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• Sales Rank: #11162825 in Books
• Binding: Hardcover

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[T721.Ebook] Download Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life, by Hubert P. Yockey

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Information Theory, Evolution and the Origin of Life presents a timely introduction to the use of information theory and coding theory in molecular biology. The genetical information system, because it is linear and digital, resembles the algorithmic language of computers. George Gamow pointed out that the application of Shannon's information theory breaks genetics and molecular biology out of the descriptive mode into the quantitative mode and Dr Yockey develops this theme, discussing how information theory and coding theory can be applied to molecular biology. He discusses how these tools for measuring the information in the sequences of the genome and the proteome are essential for our complete understanding of the nature and origin of life. The author writes for the computer competent reader who is interested in evolution and the origins of life.

• Sales Rank: #3024573 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 2005-04-18
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .75" w x 5.98" l, 1.06 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 272 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"These theories on information and on coding have been developed by Yockey to deal with communications problems in a quantitative and mathematical manner in molecular biology, in order to overcome the gap of lack of communication between the molecular biologists and the mathematicians, providing mathematical definitions for the vocabulary with which basic questions in molecular biology are debated....Such a book is not only useful for advanced undergraduates, but...for graduates and fullly developed research scientists in cellular and molecular biology and evolution." Cellular and Molecular Biology

."..written in a very lucid style. The roles of physics, chemistry and mathematics in biology are discussed again and again and the similarity between theoretical physics and theoretical molecular biology is always brought out. It is emphasised that molecular biology applications of information and coding theories should either explain the known experimental data or should suggest further experiments for verification of theoretical results obtained." J.N. Kapur, Mathematical Reviews

About the Author
Hubert Yockey is the author of Information Theory and Molecular Biology (1992).

Most helpful customer reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Where did all that information that in the cells of living organisms come from in the first place?
By WSV1975
Bring your calculus and probability and statistics books with you when you sit down to read this book. Also, you will need a good, clear knowledge of molecular biology and the cell's design and processes to really understand all of what Yockey is telling us. However, you can cheat, not read the math, and still understand that in large measure Yockey is right. Biology is basically a system of information and communication with in the cell. It is now clear to all concerned that the cell has a system of communication which it uses to create proteins and the essential products of life, construction of the components, and development of the processes that cause life to exist. Yockey spends quite a bit of time describing how the Genetic code works and is almost perfect in conceiving genetic information for life. He tries to explore how it got to be perfect, given the short time available on thee earth between the condensation of water and the achievement of life, and decides, it is just unknowable to us today. He then spends a great deal of time looking at the science of "how life started in the first place", traces the history of the science, and finally decides "it is just unknowable.' This "unknowable fact" is disconcerting to most people, by Yockey essentially tells us to "grow up and get over it". Too much time has passed since the creation of the first life, and we are no closer to an explanation than the ancient Greeks were. It is just unknowable. Good book that everyone interested in the science of life should read. But be warned, this is not a novel; it is not a real quick read.

44 of 47 people found the following review helpful.
Information Theory as a Foundation of Biology
By Mr. Gerard Battail
The previous book of Hubert P. Yockey, 'Information theory and molecular biology', published in 1992, was unfortunately out of print for many years. Publication of 'Information theory, evolution, and the origin of life' makes available much of its material. The scope of the new book has moreover been broadened to encompass the hot topics mentioned in the title.

The academic world is divided into narrow compartments, each having its own methods, language, habits and gurus. Communication between them is made difficult by the lack of a common language so they most often ignore each other. When a concept from one of them eventually penetrates another one, it often assumes a superficial form which leads to misunderstandings. Although this may sometimes be better than plain ignorance, it results in rooting prejudices wrongly believed to hold true in other disciplines, and they live long for lack of proper internal criticism. Yockey is at the antipodes of this parochial system. His life-long efforts have been intended to convince biologists that information theory, a discipline originating in communication engineering, is the proper tool for dealing with molecular biology, hence should be at the heart of biology as a whole. He possesses to a high degree the needed didactic talents, as well as an extreme rigor in vocabulary and reasoning. Not only Yockey transcends disciplinary barriers, but also the famous divide between the 'two cultures'. His extremely broad scholarship is not purely scientific, but also historical, philosophical and literary. All chapters of the book bear in epigraph quotations from poets as well as from scientists or philosophers of all times, always wonderfully relevant to the subject matter. Similarly, many excellent quotations pepper the text. Yockey obviously does not think that scientific rigor demands dullness. On the contrary, the book is written in a witty and often caustic style. It abounds with historical anecdotes and comments, often intended to rehabilitate forgotten authors of major concepts or discoveries and to denounce usurped fames (one may disagree with some abrupt judgements).

As an engineer, I am convinced that information theory is the proper tool for dealing with molecular biology. Indeed, genomes communicate the genetic message as sequences of symbols (that these symbols are molecules does not mean they are relevant to chemistry only), and information theory is precisely the science of communication by means of symbol sequences. As a mathematical science, its results consist of theorems which can be thought of as predetermined forms which need 'only' to be filled with biological matter. But Shannon, the founding father of information theory, warned us that this task is far from trivial: 'Seldom do more than a few of nature's secrets give way at one time. [...] A thorough understanding of the mathematical foundations and its communication application is surely a prerequisite to other applications. I personally believe that many of the concepts of information theory will prove useful in these other fields [i.e., social sciences] but the establishing of such applications is not a trivial matter of translating words to a new domain, but rather the slow tedious process of hypothesis and experimental verification.' (from 'The Bandwagon', 1956, in 'Claude Elwood Shannon collected papers', edited by N.J.A. Sloane and A.D. Wyner, IEEE Press, 1993, page 462). Although Shannon made these comments about social sciences, I think that they perfectly apply to biology. Yockey's efforts are precisely aimed at letting biologists understand how relevant and potentially rewarding to their discipline is information theory.

Besides it presents compelling arguments in favor of the use of information theory in biology, the book also considers biological evolution and the origin of life. Since the genome is the medium which transmits the hereditary information through time, information theory is relevant to evolution just as it is to genetics. The book also critically reviews the many scientific and philosophical hypotheses about the origin of life, and shows that none of the alleged scenarios is likely to properly describe the events that actually occurred. The origin of life may well remain unknowable. Similarly, the mathematicians know since G�del that propositions may be undecidable so, within a given system of axioms, it may be impossible to prove true results. The algorithmic information theory explains why it is so in a surprisingly simple manner: it results from the necessarily finite amount of available information. That the origin of life may remain a mystery forever is the bad news of the book. The good news is that information theory enables dealing with life phenomena by 'measuring, counting and weighting together with reasonings from postulates or axioms', a sentence which is quoted from Socrates at the very beginning of the book. Using information theory, biology can thus reach the status of a quantitative science. Biologists did not yet realize their luck, however. The book bears in epigraph a quotation from Niccolo Machiavelli who very lucidly states how difficult and dangerous it is to '[...] initiate a new order of things. For the reformer has ennemies in all those who profit by the old order, and only lukewarm defenders in all those who would profit by the new order'. Yockey's extraordinary book leaves by no means its reader lukewarm and is in itself a big step towards the new order. Although it is mainly intended to biologists, this book can be fruitful to the general reader who is interested in evolution and the origin of life. There are somewhat technical developments, in either information theory or molecular biology, but they are few and can be skipped. An appendix dealing with information theory, a glossary and an index are provided to help the reader.

Gerard Battail

18 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
Quantitative analysis of the human genome, version 2.0
By A Customer
I found this book to be an important and valuable resource while researching a possible Ph.D. thesis topic on interactions of DNA with enzyme pathways. Having previously studied about 95% of the math and spent a month as a Visiting Scholar in the most mathematical of the genetics labs at Harvard Medical School, I feel pretty confident that I can recommend the first half of the book to those seeking to build or broaden their professional knowledge of applied mathematics in the biological and biomedical sciences or in bioengineering. Despite its obvious importance to calculating the information content of proteins, protein folding, and cell-to-cell signalling, information theory is rarely covered in the standard biomathematics texts at all. � I think Cambridge University Press ought to ask Yockey to add text material on traditional subjects like Lottka-Volterra population studies, Turing diffusion models, Hopfield networks, and the like. Also, the book needs more exercises, so it would be easier to use for teaching. And wouldn't it be great if it were packaged in Mathematica or MatLab form! � I wish I could say something intelligent about the applications to molecular biology in the second half of the book, but I don't think I've gotten enough biochemistry and molecular genetics yet. One thing's for sure, though, it's written clearly enough that any molecular biologist familiar with the state of the art ought to be able to gauge its worth pretty quickly. Yockey's math is so good it's pretty hard to imagine he flopped on the science. � Maybe some of my own work will arrive in the 2nd edition. I can hope, can't I?

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[Y197.Ebook] Ebook Free The Outdoor Classroom Ages 3-7: Using Ideas from Forest Schools to Enrich Learning, by Karen Constable

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The outdoor area is now an integral part of many early years settings and schools, but is it being used to its full potential?

This book clearly explains the learning potential of the outdoor environment and practically demonstrates how the ‘Outdoor Classroom’ can be developed in early years settings and schools. Drawing on the Forest School approach, it aims to inspire practitioners to think creatively about their outside area and how they can provide rich play opportunities for children that will further their learning regardless of any time, space or financial restraints.

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• Sales Rank: #2851636 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Routledge
• Published on: 2012-06-23
• Released on: 2012-05-14
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.69" h x .29" w x 6.85" l, .55 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 128 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

About the Author

Karen Constable is a Reception Teacher at Mark First School, UK.

Sandy Green worked within the early years sector for over thirty five years, initially as a nursery nurse in both education and social services settings and later as a lecturer in Further Education. She is now an educational consultant and has written extensively on early years education.

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• Sales Rank: #360011 in Books
• Published on: 2016-05-21
• Original language: English
• Dimensions: 8.00" h x .22" w x 5.25" l,
• Binding: Paperback
• 94 pages

About the Author
He was educated in Chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS), and University of California, (MS & PhC). He learnt Mysticism from Shri Nyaya Sharma, a Master of Shiva-Tantra-Yoga and Homeopathy from Post Graduate Homeopathic Association, Bombay. He has healing hands and uses Pranic Healing. This book is an outcome of his personal experience of over 40 years. He is presently a counselor and a spiritual guide. He conducts ‘Spiritual Development COURSES’ on the internet through Darshana Centre (darshanacentre@gmail.com). He also conducts ‘Spiritual Awareness WORKSHOPS’ in India, USA and UK. He speaks and writes clearly, in simple language, and from personal experience. He is the AUTHOR of the books: The Crisis of Modern Humanity (1976); The Essence of Hindu Astrology (1987); The Practice of Mysticism (2009); The Art of Awakening the Soul (2011); Healing without Drugs (2014); and Solving the Problems of Life (2015).

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[V812.Ebook] Download On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century, by Timothy Snyder

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#1 Washington Post Bestseller
A New York Times Bestseller

The Founding Fathers tried to protect us from the threat they knew, the tyranny that overcame ancient democracy. Today, our political order faces new threats, not unlike the totalitarianism of the twentieth century. We are no wiser than the Europeans who saw democracy yield to fascism, Nazism, or communism.  Our one advantage is that we might learn from their experience.

• Sales Rank: #307 in eBooks
• Published on: 2017-02-28
• Released on: 2017-02-28
• Format: Kindle eBook

Review
"We are rapidly ripening for fascism. This American writer leaves us with no illusions about ourselves." —Svetlana Alexievich, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature

"Timothy Snyder reasons with unparalleled clarity, throwing the past and future into sharp relief. He has written the rare kind of book that can be read in one sitting but will keep you coming back to help regain your bearings. Put a copy in your pocket and one on your bedside table, and it will help you keep going for the next four years or however long it takes." —Masha Gessen

"Please read this book. So smart, so timely." —George Saunders

“Easily the most compelling volume among the early resistance literature. . . . A slim book that fits alongside your pocket Constitution and feels only slightly less vital. . . . Clarifying and unnerving. . . . A memorable work that is grounded in history yet imbued with the fierce urgency of what now.” —Carlos Lozada, The Washington Post
 
“Snyder knows this subject cold. . . . It is impossible to read aphorisms like ‘post-truth is pre-fascism’ and not feel a small child about the current state of the Republic. . . . Approach this short book the same you would a medical pamphlet warning about an infectious disease. Read it carefully and be on the lookout for symptoms.” —Daniel W. Drezner, The New York Times Book Review

"As Timothy Snyder explains in his fine and frightening On Tyranny, a minority party now has near-total power and is therefore understandably frightened of awakening the actual will of the people." —Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker

“Snyder is superbly positioned to bring historical thinking to bear on the current political scene. . . . These unpretentious words remind us that political resistance isn’t a matter of action-movie heroics, but starts from a willingness to break from social expectations.” —Jeet Heer, The New Republic

“The perfect clear-eyed antidote to Trump’s deliberate philistinism. . . . These 128 pages are a brief primer in every important thing we might have learned from the history of the last century, and all that we appear to have forgotten.” —Tim Adams, The Guardian

“On Tyranny demands to be read.” —The Forward

“Bracing. . . . On Tyranny is a call to action. . . . A brisk read packed with lucid prose.” —Vox 

 

About the Author
Timothy Snyder is the Levin Professor of History at Yale University. He is the author of Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin and Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning. Snyder is a member of the Committee on Conscience of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and a permanent fellow of the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna.

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244 of 256 people found the following review helpful.
Vital Advice from One Who Knows
By Stephen N. Greenleaf
This is a short, quick book to read, perhaps 30-45 minutes of your time. And at only $2.99 (on Kindle) you can't afford not to buy it. For those who found his list of 20 points elsewhere on the web for free, don't let that suffice. The book adds commentary to his list, and it's worth the small cost.

For those of you not acquainted with Snyder, he's a historian of Eastern Europe and has written extensively on the turmoil--the killing fields--of Eastern Europe in the 20th century. He knows whereof he speaks.

I will offer you a couple of his thoughts from his concluding remarks. In addressing what he terms "the politics of inevitability," he notes

Until recently, we Americans had convinced ourselves that there was nothing in the future but more of the same. The seemingly distant traumas of fascism, Nazism, and communism seemed to be receding into irrelevance. We allowed ourselves to accept the politics of inevitability, the sense that history could move in only one direction: toward liberal democracy. After communism in eastern Europe came to an end in 1989–91, we imbibed the myth of an “end of history.” In doing so, we lowered our defenses, constrained our imagination, and opened the way for precisely the kinds of regimes we told ourselves could never return.
Snyder, Timothy. On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century (Kindle Locations 765-769). Crown/Archetype. Kindle Edition.

But he then addresses the converse attitude, what he calls "the politics of eternity." About this attitude, he states
In the politics of eternity, the seduction by a mythicized past prevents us from thinking about possible futures. The habit of dwelling on victimhood dulls the impulse of self-correction. Since the nation is defined by its inherent virtue rather than by its future potential, politics becomes a discussion of good and evil rather than a discussion of possible solutions to real problems. Since the crisis is permanent, the sense of emergency is always present; planning for the future seems impossible or even disloyal. How can we even think of reform when the enemy is always at the gate?
Id. at 810-815

In contrast to both of these attitudes, he places history (an encomium with which I could not agree more):
Both of these positions, inevitability and eternity, are antihistorical. The only thing that stands between them is history itself. History allows us to see patterns and make judgments. It sketches for us the structures within which we can seek freedom. It reveals moments, each one of them different, none entirely unique. To understand one moment is to see the possibility of being the cocreator of another. History permits us to be responsible: not for everything, but for something. The Polish poet Czesław Miłosz thought that such a notion of responsibility worked against loneliness and indifference. History gives us the company of those who have done and suffered more than we have.
Id. at 822-827

In his peroration, he exhorts young people especially (although it applies to all of us)

One thing is certain: If young people do not begin to make history, politicians of eternity and inevitability will destroy it. And to make history, young Americans will have to know some.

This is not the end, but a beginning. “The time is out of joint. O cursed spite,/That ever I was born to set it right!” Thus Hamlet. Yet he concludes: “Nay, come, let’s go together.”
Id. at 830-834

Buy this book and read it!

198 of 213 people found the following review helpful.
Vital and Timely
By GM
Shatters any illusion that democracy is a given in the US or in any country. One detail I keep thinking about: Snyder's argument that the evisceration of privacy and the humiliation of the individual is a very old fascist technique. Consider that when you think about the email breaches of the last election, or why doxing is a weapon of choice among the cyber brown shirts. Another: the long and terrible legacy of dismantling the rule and protections of law as "exceptions" -- which quickly become permanent -- due to safety "emergencies." Americans may be tested on that sooner than later. Democracy has and can become totalitarianism in but a few months. The time to stand up for institutions, fair voting, and (this is surprisingly crucial) the ethics of your profession is NOW -- not after it's too late.

170 of 185 people found the following review helpful.
Essential reading for our time
By Barry Katz, PhD
I have no doubt “On Tyranny” is a book Tim Snyder wished he didn’t have to write, in the same way, as he reminds us, that Hamlet was fated to “set things right”. No one knows the history of 20th century Germany, eastern Europe, and Russia better than prof. Snyder. He has accomplished immense scholarship in those countries and shared some of it in “Bloodlands”, “Black Earth”, scholarly papers and commentaries over the years. In measured prose, he imbues his history with the existential anguish of its victims and imparts the cold-blooded nature of the perpetrators. He quietly relates how individuals and societies have weaseled out of bearing responsibility. Personal, familial, and cultural tragedies seep into his writing and it has brought me to tears many times.
Prof. Snyder knows a lot more about how tyranny takes hold and uses chance opportunity to impose itself than he can tell in a thousand or ten thousand pages. Reading his work, you can tell that the years of close reading have affected his core. Furthermore, he is very active in the contemporary eastern European culture, where recent years have not been kind to Liberal Democracy.
Now, suddenly, authoritarian intolerance and anti-democratic forces are openly and aggressively imposing themselves here in the US. Clearly, he is compelled to share cautionary lessons for Enlightenment-loving, Constitution-embracing, and liberal democratic citizens of his own country… and that would be us. We, who are so unprepared to face our threat, who are traumatized and ill-equipped to recognize and react to repression have ask ourselves: “what is to be done, how can we endure this, maintain our self-respect, and resist?”
In “On Tyranny”, prof. Snyder has distilled the life lessons of those countless courageous people who faced tyranny and he implies how countless more have shriveled and looked away from the horror they felt coming. This book will aide you to surf your fear and panic well enough to dispassionately lay out how authoritarian politics can modify your behavior and how to be mindful in resisting these changes. Lesson number 1 is about how a person caves into tyranny: “…individuals think ahead what a more repressive government will want, and then offer themselves without being asked. A citizen who adapts in this way is teaching power what it can do.”
Fortunately, the other 19 lessons truly instruct and remind the reader about options to resist letting tyranny dominate your life. I will leave those lessons for you when you read the book.
Prof. Snyder’s epilogue offers brilliant insight into the fallacies that predominate in our contemporary culture that brought us to this crisis.
This is a very serious book and needs to be read a few times and shared with as many people as you can reach. It’s an inexpensive book and I recommend buying several copies and handing them out to people who need to read it. It’s a small investment for your survival as a member of a civilized and compassionate society.

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